This specific case is what drew me to this topic. In 2000, a heated controversy came upon the city of Miami. Elian Gonzalez was a young boy who journeyed by raft with his mother and seven other Cubans. Unfortunately, the mother and seven other with him passed away, leaving Elian alone to be found by the coast guard. Although under the policy, Elian should have been sent back, the coast guard put him under the watch of his family living in Miami while Elian waited for the hearing. Elian’s father although remained in Cuba, providing conflict over his return. This created much upheaval within Miami’s Cuban community as a result of the belief that Elian should be allowed to stay and not be sent back to "hell". Unfortunately, he was sent back and this caused the community to question the Clinton- Gore administration. This created large number of Cuban American voters to vote for the Bush Administration.
This however raises many issues. Cubans have now become blind republican voters. Which means that there could be party divisions on the issues of Cuban immigration. Republicans, because they are secured the vote of Cuban Americans could have biases towards immigration, which would not only be selfish but also undemocratic.By doing so, they may neglect other immigrants such as Haitians and so forth. However, recently the Democratic Party has been working to better their relations with Cubans and show that they too can help their cause.
Friday, November 6, 2009
Cubans Introducing Other Cultures: A problem?
Tom Wolfe a best-selling American Author will be releasing a book that explores immigration to Miami. In an interview, Wolfe discussed why he chose to focus on Cuban Immigration. Miami is the only city in the U.S. to be comprised of 50 percent immigrants. "You have people from another country with a different language and a very different culture coming into Miami and dominating it politically through the voting machine," he said "Only in America could people from a foreign country with a foreign language and foreign culture establish themselves so quickly in 30 years."
However, many people see this establishment of culture as a threat to the “Anglo establishment.” Why is this? Well, not only have Cubans been extremely successful in the creation of what is Miami, but also they have created a large influx of other Latin immigrants. Miami is now becoming the place of destination for Nicaraguans, Hondurans, and educated Venezuelans whose leader idolizes Fidel Castro and has taken various approaches similar to Castro’s. Many have become upset that Miami is becoming the feeding ground for Latin immigrants, which could lead to an eventual Latin domination of all South Florida. Now why would this be bad? Well, because it would make it more difficult for native Floridians to be successful in this environment. This is why people have been pushing towards stricter immigration policies in the U.S. But then again, immigrants are doing no real harm, if anything they help stimulate the economy, politics, and they are taken out of unpleasant political situations in their native countries.
http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09306/1010061-44.stm
However, many people see this establishment of culture as a threat to the “Anglo establishment.” Why is this? Well, not only have Cubans been extremely successful in the creation of what is Miami, but also they have created a large influx of other Latin immigrants. Miami is now becoming the place of destination for Nicaraguans, Hondurans, and educated Venezuelans whose leader idolizes Fidel Castro and has taken various approaches similar to Castro’s. Many have become upset that Miami is becoming the feeding ground for Latin immigrants, which could lead to an eventual Latin domination of all South Florida. Now why would this be bad? Well, because it would make it more difficult for native Floridians to be successful in this environment. This is why people have been pushing towards stricter immigration policies in the U.S. But then again, immigrants are doing no real harm, if anything they help stimulate the economy, politics, and they are taken out of unpleasant political situations in their native countries.
http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09306/1010061-44.stm
Thursday, November 5, 2009
Class Links
Although I believe that many blogs were excellent. I have narrowed down to my three favorite blogs to read. They are listed in no particular order.
A World of Power: In this blog, Ultra Mega discovers the influence of the Super Powers. He does this successfully by studying current events and how the United States has provided aid towards many world issues. He effectively analyzes how the U.S. government’s involvement affected these situations and drives the reader to contemplate the issues spoken of in the blog.
Fluids and Flames of the Future: This blog was very interesting because it studied the new green technologies and informed the reader in an interesting way. Not only although did Nature Man discuss the technology, but he analyzed both the positive and negative effects therefore making it a wholesome blog.
All Quiet on the Western Blunt: Bud Wiser’s blog was extremely interesting. He was able to discuss the legalization of marijuana in unbiased and academic way, yet still was able to pose his opinion of pro-legalization. It is clear that he spent a great deal of time researching the topic. Wiser also made the blog interesting by having original titles, pictures, videos and polls and contributing to the interest of the reader. It is clear that Bud Wiser put an extreme amount of effort and time into his blog.
A World of Power: In this blog, Ultra Mega discovers the influence of the Super Powers. He does this successfully by studying current events and how the United States has provided aid towards many world issues. He effectively analyzes how the U.S. government’s involvement affected these situations and drives the reader to contemplate the issues spoken of in the blog.
Fluids and Flames of the Future: This blog was very interesting because it studied the new green technologies and informed the reader in an interesting way. Not only although did Nature Man discuss the technology, but he analyzed both the positive and negative effects therefore making it a wholesome blog.
All Quiet on the Western Blunt: Bud Wiser’s blog was extremely interesting. He was able to discuss the legalization of marijuana in unbiased and academic way, yet still was able to pose his opinion of pro-legalization. It is clear that he spent a great deal of time researching the topic. Wiser also made the blog interesting by having original titles, pictures, videos and polls and contributing to the interest of the reader. It is clear that Bud Wiser put an extreme amount of effort and time into his blog.
What will happen if the problem remains unsolved?
For a long time, the U.S. has been trying to deal with Cuban immigration and the problems with its “wet foot/ dry policy.” There are various things that can occur as a result of not dealing with these issues. If the immigration problem continues, people will begin to fight for Haitian immigrants to fall under this policy. They will make the argument that Haiti’s economic and level of poverty is worse off than that of Cuba’s. Also, if the problem remains unsolved the Obama administration will receive a lot of criticism because he gave his word to “set a new tone with Havana”. However, he has already begun migration talks with the country, this will hopefully ease immigration tensions with Cuba. Nonetheless, there is the possibility that Cuban diplomats will fail to honor regulations set by the accord. These issues include: the granting of U.S. visas to travel to the U.S., and for Cubans found at sea that are repatriated to be treated justly.
If these issues are not settled, large amounts of Cubans will continue to risk their lives in search for an opportunity in the U.S. This would not only upset the people who are against the ”wet foot/dry foot policy” but there is a high chance that they will be found at sea. This is a result of the U.S. coast guard increasing patrol at sea and implementing the use of choppers and speedboats to scope out illegal activity. This would create a large amount of repatriates therefore possibly subjecting them to harassment and torture by the Cuban government. They may also look for the aid of smugglers who are now beginning to bring in Cubans through the U.S.-Mexican borders. In order for this not to occur Cuban and American diplomats must reach a new consensus towards Cubans being allowed to enter the U.S. Not only would this eliminate many problems within the “wet foot/dry foot policy” but, it would allow for Cubans to legally travel to the U.S. However, this may create a larger problem; there is a possibility that if Cubans are granted visas, after their visa expires they will choose to stay in the U.S. illegally.
If these issues are not settled, large amounts of Cubans will continue to risk their lives in search for an opportunity in the U.S. This would not only upset the people who are against the ”wet foot/dry foot policy” but there is a high chance that they will be found at sea. This is a result of the U.S. coast guard increasing patrol at sea and implementing the use of choppers and speedboats to scope out illegal activity. This would create a large amount of repatriates therefore possibly subjecting them to harassment and torture by the Cuban government. They may also look for the aid of smugglers who are now beginning to bring in Cubans through the U.S.-Mexican borders. In order for this not to occur Cuban and American diplomats must reach a new consensus towards Cubans being allowed to enter the U.S. Not only would this eliminate many problems within the “wet foot/dry foot policy” but, it would allow for Cubans to legally travel to the U.S. However, this may create a larger problem; there is a possibility that if Cubans are granted visas, after their visa expires they will choose to stay in the U.S. illegally.
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Annotated Links Post
1. What the Cuban people search for is the land of capitalism where there are fewer restrictions on freedom and more job opportunities. The reason why they migrate to Miami is because in Cuba they constantly live their life’s feeling threatened and scared to speak out. To travel they turn to homemade boats and smugglers. However if they are found at sea, they are sent back. This puts them in a position of possible punishments by the Cuban government.
2. When the Soviet Union fell apart in 1994 the economy in Cuba worsened as a result of them being heavily subsidized by them. This motivated Cubans to migrate to the U.S. and a 30,000-immigrant wave caused the creation of the “wet foot/dry foot” policy. However some people believe that this policy, which allows them to apply to residency, more people will be motivated to head out to the U.S. Because the U.S. coast guard patrols the ocean border so tightly many Cubans turn to smuggling, this has created a problem within the U.S. as a result of the government not knowing how to deal with this problem.
3. Recently President Obama eased money transfer and traveling restrictions but has left the U.S. embargo on Cuba. Raul Castro says he is ready to discuss immigration issues with the U.S. but will not make any gestures. This lift on restrictions may cause the immigration waves of Cubans either to calm down or make more Cubans want to travel to the U.S. because they will have the possibility to visit their families.
4. Under the “wet foot/dry foot” policy formally known as the U.S. Cuba immigration accord, the coast guard is forced to patrol the sea by boats, cutters and aircraft patrols. If they are found at sea, they are questioned and only if they have a well-founded fear of persecution will they be allowed to stay. If they hit land although, after a year they can apply for immigrant visa and eventually U.S. citizenship.( link 7)
5. When Cuban immigrants are repatriated as a result of being found at sea, U.S. interest sections are supposed to monitor migrants and interview them. However, because immigration talks have ceased there has been no enforcement of this. Also, under Cuban law it is a crime to immigrate illegally, this gives the government to harass, torture, and discriminate to those who have tried to immigrate illegally. (link 7)
6. In the past, 4 Cuban Americans have been elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. They have been instrumental in shaping U.S. foreign policy towards Cuba. Two thirds of the Cuban in the U.S. live in Florida therefore comprising eight percent of the state’s electorate which hold 27 electoral votes therefore magnifying their importance in National politics.
7. In the U.S. there is strong evidence of Cubans economic power; this can be seen in the economic reports produced by Dade-county. In the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s Cubans bought real estate, opened businesses, built banks etc. Now, three out of ten of the largest businesses are Cuban owned/managed. They own approximately 19,700 businesses in Dade-county, 4,500 medical doctors are Cubans and seventeen bank executives are Cuban.
2. When the Soviet Union fell apart in 1994 the economy in Cuba worsened as a result of them being heavily subsidized by them. This motivated Cubans to migrate to the U.S. and a 30,000-immigrant wave caused the creation of the “wet foot/dry foot” policy. However some people believe that this policy, which allows them to apply to residency, more people will be motivated to head out to the U.S. Because the U.S. coast guard patrols the ocean border so tightly many Cubans turn to smuggling, this has created a problem within the U.S. as a result of the government not knowing how to deal with this problem.
3. Recently President Obama eased money transfer and traveling restrictions but has left the U.S. embargo on Cuba. Raul Castro says he is ready to discuss immigration issues with the U.S. but will not make any gestures. This lift on restrictions may cause the immigration waves of Cubans either to calm down or make more Cubans want to travel to the U.S. because they will have the possibility to visit their families.
4. Under the “wet foot/dry foot” policy formally known as the U.S. Cuba immigration accord, the coast guard is forced to patrol the sea by boats, cutters and aircraft patrols. If they are found at sea, they are questioned and only if they have a well-founded fear of persecution will they be allowed to stay. If they hit land although, after a year they can apply for immigrant visa and eventually U.S. citizenship.( link 7)
5. When Cuban immigrants are repatriated as a result of being found at sea, U.S. interest sections are supposed to monitor migrants and interview them. However, because immigration talks have ceased there has been no enforcement of this. Also, under Cuban law it is a crime to immigrate illegally, this gives the government to harass, torture, and discriminate to those who have tried to immigrate illegally. (link 7)
6. In the past, 4 Cuban Americans have been elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. They have been instrumental in shaping U.S. foreign policy towards Cuba. Two thirds of the Cuban in the U.S. live in Florida therefore comprising eight percent of the state’s electorate which hold 27 electoral votes therefore magnifying their importance in National politics.
7. In the U.S. there is strong evidence of Cubans economic power; this can be seen in the economic reports produced by Dade-county. In the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s Cubans bought real estate, opened businesses, built banks etc. Now, three out of ten of the largest businesses are Cuban owned/managed. They own approximately 19,700 businesses in Dade-county, 4,500 medical doctors are Cubans and seventeen bank executives are Cuban.
Monday, November 2, 2009
Arguments of Culture
As I was doing research for my blog, I came across a blog called “You all complain about Mexicans, but what about Cubans?” In this blog, the writer argues that although Cubans are legal, under the “wet foot, dry foot” policy they should not be allowed to stay in the U.S. Why does he think this? Well first off he uses a personal observation saying that he has not “met one decent Cuban” and that “most are crooks in one way or another”. However, I believe that this is not only racist but it is a generality towards Cuban people making the assumption that all of them are the same. He attempts to back it up by saying that Medicare fraud is common and hit and run murders are a constant recurrence. But how can he know that all frauds are Cuban induced, but he fails to see that there are other cultures within Miami that are NOT Cuban.
Like him, many people make the argument that the reason why they should be sent back is because they have not adapted to the American Environment. Many of them still “refuse” to learn English therefore resulting in a sort of colonization of the Miami Area to “North Cuba”. Yes, this is a valid argument, Miami has had a great amount of Cuban Influence, but that is what brings the unique environment of Miami. Although they may have not fully adapted to the language, the have been successful enough to bring economic success to Miami and provide a better life for themselves than they would in Cuba. Feel free to look at this blog and see why people are saying they should not be allowed to stay; you may agree or disagree. Tell me what you think.
http://www.city-data.com/forum/illegal-immigration/552564-you-all-complain-about-mexicans-but.html#ixzz0VfrxjzPO
Like him, many people make the argument that the reason why they should be sent back is because they have not adapted to the American Environment. Many of them still “refuse” to learn English therefore resulting in a sort of colonization of the Miami Area to “North Cuba”. Yes, this is a valid argument, Miami has had a great amount of Cuban Influence, but that is what brings the unique environment of Miami. Although they may have not fully adapted to the language, the have been successful enough to bring economic success to Miami and provide a better life for themselves than they would in Cuba. Feel free to look at this blog and see why people are saying they should not be allowed to stay; you may agree or disagree. Tell me what you think.
http://www.city-data.com/forum/illegal-immigration/552564-you-all-complain-about-mexicans-but.html#ixzz0VfrxjzPO
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Self Analysis Post
After keeping up with this blog for a while, I have come to realize that as a person I have grown in my knowledge of the subject, and created an argument different from my first. When I initially began this blog post, I believed all Cuban immigrants should be allowed to receive political asylum, even if the were found at sea near South Florida Waters; therefore, I deeply looked into the Cuban American Culture with respect to their economic effect and political effects in Miami; and the current immigration policies set on Cubans. As the extent of my research grew, I came to see that this would be highly unrealistic to allow every immigrant into South Florida. Why you ask? Well mostly because this would create a large increase in the immigration waves of Cubans, it could have effect on treatment of people in Cuba, and it would call the change the 1996 U.S. Cuba Accord.
As the course of this blog I realized that not only would this is unrealistic but also that there was a better way to allow this matter to be potentially solved or become better. In order to do so, I argued about the influence that current Cuban-Americans have had in South Florida. By doing so, I was able to understand the flaws in my initial argument and able to find a sort of compromise that I believe should be established. In my theory post, I stated that the wet foot/dry foot should be enforced even if found at sea, but different measures should be taken to accommodate these Cubans in order to relieve them of the possible suffering they may face if they are repatriated. In my previous post, Nature Man questioned others countries acceptance and want of these Cuban immigrants. Although there is a possibility that some countries may not allow political asylum to Cubans, most developed countries may in order to allow these immigrants to have a connection with an uncorrupted government. Yes, It may be expensive to do so and it may affect our economy in some way, but by helping these people the U.S. would be helping weaken the Castro Regime and giving these people a chance to live in a environment in which a climate of fear has not been established.
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubanimmigration.html
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/wetfoot-dryfoot.html
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/illegal_immigration.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/27/AR2007072701493.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=2cdvNHYtcXcC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&source=bl&ots=De_NQA8AYQ&sig=A3eH1IpKQSbEmZ-owfWslKjkASU&hl=en&ei=BEPWSuLKMNPIlAeewOXAAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&
http://majorityrights.com/index.php/weblog/comments/the_cubans_of_miami/
http://www.vdare.com/rubenstein/060727_nd.htm
As the course of this blog I realized that not only would this is unrealistic but also that there was a better way to allow this matter to be potentially solved or become better. In order to do so, I argued about the influence that current Cuban-Americans have had in South Florida. By doing so, I was able to understand the flaws in my initial argument and able to find a sort of compromise that I believe should be established. In my theory post, I stated that the wet foot/dry foot should be enforced even if found at sea, but different measures should be taken to accommodate these Cubans in order to relieve them of the possible suffering they may face if they are repatriated. In my previous post, Nature Man questioned others countries acceptance and want of these Cuban immigrants. Although there is a possibility that some countries may not allow political asylum to Cubans, most developed countries may in order to allow these immigrants to have a connection with an uncorrupted government. Yes, It may be expensive to do so and it may affect our economy in some way, but by helping these people the U.S. would be helping weaken the Castro Regime and giving these people a chance to live in a environment in which a climate of fear has not been established.
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubanimmigration.html
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/wetfoot-dryfoot.html
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/illegal_immigration.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/27/AR2007072701493.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=2cdvNHYtcXcC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&source=bl&ots=De_NQA8AYQ&sig=A3eH1IpKQSbEmZ-owfWslKjkASU&hl=en&ei=BEPWSuLKMNPIlAeewOXAAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&
http://majorityrights.com/index.php/weblog/comments/the_cubans_of_miami/
http://www.vdare.com/rubenstein/060727_nd.htm
Re-establishing Immigration Talks
As I said in one of my previous posts, Obama has lifted traveling and money transfer restrictions on Cuba. A large signal that the U.S. will be taking further steps to better its ties with the Cuban people. However, there are many arguments over this relationship as a result of Cuba still being a communist nation; many people feel that the U.S. should only take further steps if Castro makes democratic reforms. However in May, Secretary of State, Hilary Clinton took a 3-day trip to Latin America and came back announcing that the U.S. would re-establish immigration talks with Cuba. However, in 2003 the bush administration ceased these talks with Cuba as a result of their non-cooperation. How could this possibly change in a matter of six years? Some people argue that the new leaders Obama and Raul Castro will be able to reach a consensus, but who knows?
By studying the past talks with Cuba and the U.S. on immigration, we can see a trend of this non-cooperation. Cuba refused to talk about certain things which include but are not limited to: the issuance of exit permits for all qualified migrants, Cuba’s cooperation of holding a new registration for an immigration lottery, Cuba’s responsibility to allow U.S. diplomats to travel to monitor repatriated migrants, and “Cuba's obligation to accept the return of Cuban nationals determined to be excludable from the United States.” If Cuba is still under the communist regime, what makes people think they will suddenly want reform? In order to successfully establish these talks and bring progress, Cuba needs to go in agreeing to address these issues so the Cuba- Miami immigration problems can be settled.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/31/AR2009053101078.html
By studying the past talks with Cuba and the U.S. on immigration, we can see a trend of this non-cooperation. Cuba refused to talk about certain things which include but are not limited to: the issuance of exit permits for all qualified migrants, Cuba’s cooperation of holding a new registration for an immigration lottery, Cuba’s responsibility to allow U.S. diplomats to travel to monitor repatriated migrants, and “Cuba's obligation to accept the return of Cuban nationals determined to be excludable from the United States.” If Cuba is still under the communist regime, what makes people think they will suddenly want reform? In order to successfully establish these talks and bring progress, Cuba needs to go in agreeing to address these issues so the Cuba- Miami immigration problems can be settled.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/31/AR2009053101078.html
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
Theory Post
In order to deal with this immigration conflict, there needs to be a compromise. In order for both the Cuban immigrants to be happy, and for the U.S. government to keep its quota of its 20,000 immigrants by not repatriating those caught at sea. The Obama administration has already impacted immigration numbers of Cuban immigrants. As I stated before, recently there was a lift on travel restrictions and money transfers to Cuba. This means that now, Cubans already living in the U.S. can visit their family members in Cuba and send money (U.S. dollars) to them. This could possibly have positive effects and reduce the number of Cuban immigrants wanting to immigrate to the U.S. as a result of being able to see their families more frequently and also being able to get funds from family members who most probably have higher paying jobs. However, it is a possibility that this may backfire and create more immigration because Cubans will now see it as an opportunity to travel freely from the U.S. to Cuba and Vice Versa.
If this is the case, then the wet foot/ dry foot policy should come into action, but preferably under different circumstances. Yes, I do believe that if Cuban immigrants reach land they should be able to stay. However if found at Sea, I do not believe they should be sent back to Cuba; If the U.S. has not reached the quota of 20,000 visas per year than I believe they should be allowed to stay. If not, they should be sent to a country that will grant Cubans political asylum such as Spain or countries in South/ Central America. This however, should only occur if the U.S. has not reached its quota, because it would be preferable to Cubans as a result of already having established their culture within the United States.
If this is the case, then the wet foot/ dry foot policy should come into action, but preferably under different circumstances. Yes, I do believe that if Cuban immigrants reach land they should be able to stay. However if found at Sea, I do not believe they should be sent back to Cuba; If the U.S. has not reached the quota of 20,000 visas per year than I believe they should be allowed to stay. If not, they should be sent to a country that will grant Cubans political asylum such as Spain or countries in South/ Central America. This however, should only occur if the U.S. has not reached its quota, because it would be preferable to Cubans as a result of already having established their culture within the United States.
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Why Sending Back is Wrong
In my previous blog posts’ I have discussed the wet foot/ dry foot policy, more formally known as the U.S. Cuba Immigration Accord. Under this policy the U.S. can grant 20,000 visas annually to Cubans who hit U.S. land. However, if they are found out sea, the consequences are high. If they are found at sea, the Cubans are taken back to Guantanamo Bay for further questioning. If in this questioning process there is a deep fear of political persecution instilled within them, they are granted asylum but if there is not, it is back to where they came from. Under this accord, U.S. diplomats are supposed to monitor those who are repatriated, however this does not usually occur as a result of the Cuban government stopping diplomats from doing so.
Also, under Cuban law it is unlawful to immigrate illegally, therefore it leaves the option of the Cuban government on how the repatriate will be punished. This leads into the possibilities of torture, harassment, and incarceration. Although it is not a proven fact that this occurs, various factors point towards these occurrences. One, Cuba is a communist nation meaning that the government is completely in power. There is no free speech, people are afraid to speak out against the government as a result of the climate of fear this communist regime has instilled in its people. Secondly, the Government has spy’s living within each neighborhood to monitor any “radical” thoughts, actions or words that are spoken; this then result in the punishment of the people. Therefore I believe that Cubans found at sea should be able to have asylum in the U.S. or another country willing to give them a visa.
Also, under Cuban law it is unlawful to immigrate illegally, therefore it leaves the option of the Cuban government on how the repatriate will be punished. This leads into the possibilities of torture, harassment, and incarceration. Although it is not a proven fact that this occurs, various factors point towards these occurrences. One, Cuba is a communist nation meaning that the government is completely in power. There is no free speech, people are afraid to speak out against the government as a result of the climate of fear this communist regime has instilled in its people. Secondly, the Government has spy’s living within each neighborhood to monitor any “radical” thoughts, actions or words that are spoken; this then result in the punishment of the people. Therefore I believe that Cubans found at sea should be able to have asylum in the U.S. or another country willing to give them a visa.
Thursday, October 22, 2009
The Economy of South Florida
What many people fail to see is the great amount of influence Cuban immigrants have held in the South Florida Economy. Tightening border control could perhaps negatively affect the economy of South Florida. In Miami, Little Havana has been a bursting economic incubator for Latin businesses. These business owners have had large effect on the political make up of Miami. Many of them successfully fund republican political campaigns as a result of the Republican support of the Embargo. Miami also houses 19,700 Cuban businesses and 4,500 medical Doctors, a clear demonstration of their ability to succeed.
However, many people argue that the immigrants traveling to South Florida now do not hold the same level of education that immigrants in previous years have. This would result in a smaller influence to the economy and less economic success of the Cuban immigrants. People believe this because after Castro came into power the first to come the political or military elite followed by physicians, lawyers, and other professionals. The ones that were left behind were the less educated and those with lower occupational status. However what people need to consider is that without the people of lower occupational status will most likely take “low skilled jobs” that are labor intensive and offer low pay. People argue that they are taking away jobs from United States citizens however, shouldn’t U.S. citizens be striving for better jobs? They also say that they are only successful as a result of the “economic enclave” which is saying that they only benefit primarily on individuals who speak their language and share their culture. Why is this a bad thing though? Americans are successful for the same exact reason and like Americans Cubans are a main attraction to tourism in the Miami area. People out of this culture have the ability to savor a Latin culture without even leaving the country.
However, many people argue that the immigrants traveling to South Florida now do not hold the same level of education that immigrants in previous years have. This would result in a smaller influence to the economy and less economic success of the Cuban immigrants. People believe this because after Castro came into power the first to come the political or military elite followed by physicians, lawyers, and other professionals. The ones that were left behind were the less educated and those with lower occupational status. However what people need to consider is that without the people of lower occupational status will most likely take “low skilled jobs” that are labor intensive and offer low pay. People argue that they are taking away jobs from United States citizens however, shouldn’t U.S. citizens be striving for better jobs? They also say that they are only successful as a result of the “economic enclave” which is saying that they only benefit primarily on individuals who speak their language and share their culture. Why is this a bad thing though? Americans are successful for the same exact reason and like Americans Cubans are a main attraction to tourism in the Miami area. People out of this culture have the ability to savor a Latin culture without even leaving the country.
Tuesday, October 20, 2009
Analysis Post: The problems With the U.S. Cuba Immigration Accord.
For many years, there has been debate on Cuban immigration policies and whether the U.S. should tighten restrictions or be more lenient on Cuban Immigrants. This is as a result of the controversial “Wet foot/Dry foot” policy most formally known as the U.S. Cuba Immigration Accord. (link 7) In 1994 the Soviet Union who heavily subsidize Cuba, fell part. This worsened the economy in Cuba therefore poverty began to grow. (link 2) This created a 30,000-immigrant wave into South Florida. Which led to the U.S. Cuba Immigration Accord, which was passed by the Clinton Administration.
Under this Accord the U.S. agreed to only admit 20,000 annual immigrant visas to Cubans, 5,000 that are from the lottery system. Under the lottery system they are given a green card and U.S. work assistance. After a year they are eligible to apply for permanent residence, and then U.S. citizenship. However this brings a large debate at hand: Why should only Cubans be given citizenship advantages and not other immigrants? (link 7) Under The Wet Foot/Dry Foot Policy, Cuba agreed that it would patrol its Coast better and the U.S. agreed to send back any Cubans that were found at sea (“Wet Foot”). This patrolling by the U.S. coast guard although is very controversial as a result of certain past events, increased smuggling, and the influence that the Cuban community currently has in Miami.
In the past few years, there have been various incidents with immigrants; the most publicly known was the Elian Gonzalez case. When a child who was found at sea was brought to Miami and lived under the custody of his uncle for seven months, and then was sent back to Cuba. Why did the Coast Guard bring him to land in the U.S. when the policy called for him to be sent back to Cuba? In 1999 the U.S. coast guard also intercepted a group of immigrants and used pepper spray and water cannons to subdue the immigrants. This brings up the question on how the U.S. coast guard should approach retaining immigrants from touching land. In 2006 there was an incident in which 14 Cubans, including women and children were found on a piece of the 7-mile bridge. This however was considered “Wet Foot” because there was no way they could reach land. This created a large outrage in the Cuban community, because technically they were not found at sea. (link 8)
The U.S. Coast guard patrols the area by boat, cutters and aircraft patrol.(link 7 ) This increase in patrol has created a large demand for smugglers, which places many families and immigrants in danger. Smuggling fees are very expensive and are usually paid by the family of the immigrant who live in the United States. The U.S. is trying to lessen the amount of smuggling that occurs. In order to do so, many propositions have been considered. One proposition is that the government goes against the family that pays these fees, however this rises many legal issues. For example, let’s say a person holds illegal dog fighting and uses the funds from their family to rent out a storage house where to hold them, should the family be held legally responsible? Also the smuggling process is a very dangerous one and often time results in death of some of the passengers. If the Coast Guard finds these immigrants at sea, they are interviewed and if they seem to have a well-founded fear of persecution they are granted asylum. If there is no apparent fear, they are sent back to Cuba. What happens when they get sent back? Well ideally, U.S. interest sections would monitor the immigrants who were repatriated and interview them. (link 7) However, because no migration talks with Cuba have been held since 2004, there have been no discussions of their responsibility to allow U.S. diplomats to travel, in order to monitor returned migrants. Under Cuban law, illegal immigration is a crime, in which as a result the Cuban government has the excuse to harass, torture, and discriminate against these people. If we are only sending them back to torture and harassment, why should we send them back? (link 8)
However, the main reason why many people oppose or agree with the U.S. coast guard patrol is the result of the large influence that Cuban Americans have in Miami’s economy and political scene. For the most part, Cubans blindly vote for the Republican Party. Two thirds of the Cuban population lives in Florida, giving them 8% of the states electorate. Because Florida holds 27 electoral votes it is to say that Cuban Americans have had a significant importance in national politics. (link 9)This influence however, creates large party divisions and could drive republicans to favor Cuban immigration and democrats to oppose it. In Obamas current administration, he has tried to better the Cuban-democratic relationship by lifting traveling and money transfer restrictions with Cuba. However, this has been quite controversial because this could possibly increase or decrease the amount of Cubans that want to come to the U.S. . Cubans also have had a large influence in the successful economy of Florida. This is portrayed through the various business and economic reports produced by Miami Dade County. Three out of ten of the largest businesses in Miami are Cuban owned or managed. There are 19,700 Cuban owned businesses, 4,500 medical doctors, and seventeen high level bank executives. (link 11) What could be more demonstrative of their economic success? However, many people argue that the success should not be taken into consideration for two factors. One, there has been an apparent triumph of bilingualism and biculturalism which could in fact show that Cubans have not accepted integration. And two, there has been a large decline of the cities native old elite ethnically European and Jewish people. (Link 16)
All these examples show why there are many problems with the policies on Cuban immigration and this is why I believe there should be reviews held on the U.S. Cuban Immigration Accord.
1. http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubanimmigration.html
2. http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/wetfoot-dryfoot.html
3. http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/illegal_immigration.html
4. http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-05/2009-05-23-voa14.cfm?CFID=318014791&CFTOKEN=56659914&jsessionid=6630b62b6c95044af81e624b7a65205d1b20
5. http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-05/2009-05-23-voa14.cfm?CFID=318014791&CFTOKEN=56659914&jsessionid=6630b62b6c95044af81e624b7a65205d1b20
6. http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/1/11/113342.shtml
7. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/27/AR2007072701493.html
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_feet,_dry_feet_policy
9. http://74.125.93.132/search?q=cache:jXkXLMg-k0cJ:metropolitan.fiu.edu/downloads/exile%2520political%2520power.doc+cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a
10. http://www.princeton.edu/~sociolog/syllabi/centeno_lecture_notes_cubans.html
11. http://books.google.com/books?id=2cdvNHYtcXcC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&source=bl&ots=De_NQA8AYQ&sig=A3eH1IpKQSbEmZ-owfWslKjkASU&hl=en&ei=BEPWSuLKMNPIlAeewOXAAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cubans%20in%20south%20florida%20and%20their%20success&f=false
12. http://escritorescubanos.multiply.com/journal/item/757/Cuba_Focus_Cuban_Migration_to_South_Florida.
13. http://www.education.miami.edu/ep/LittleHavana/Monuments/Virgin1/The_Virgin_Mary/Bay_of_Pigs/Exiles/exiles.html
14. http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=8801
15. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_migration_to_Miami
16. http://majorityrights.com/index.php/weblog/comments/the_cubans_of_miami/
17. http://www.vdare.com/rubenstein/060727_nd.htm
18. http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-South/Miami-History.html
19. http://tech.mit.edu/V127/N46/long3.html
20. http://www.allbusiness.com/central-america/283731-1.html
Under this Accord the U.S. agreed to only admit 20,000 annual immigrant visas to Cubans, 5,000 that are from the lottery system. Under the lottery system they are given a green card and U.S. work assistance. After a year they are eligible to apply for permanent residence, and then U.S. citizenship. However this brings a large debate at hand: Why should only Cubans be given citizenship advantages and not other immigrants? (link 7) Under The Wet Foot/Dry Foot Policy, Cuba agreed that it would patrol its Coast better and the U.S. agreed to send back any Cubans that were found at sea (“Wet Foot”). This patrolling by the U.S. coast guard although is very controversial as a result of certain past events, increased smuggling, and the influence that the Cuban community currently has in Miami.
In the past few years, there have been various incidents with immigrants; the most publicly known was the Elian Gonzalez case. When a child who was found at sea was brought to Miami and lived under the custody of his uncle for seven months, and then was sent back to Cuba. Why did the Coast Guard bring him to land in the U.S. when the policy called for him to be sent back to Cuba? In 1999 the U.S. coast guard also intercepted a group of immigrants and used pepper spray and water cannons to subdue the immigrants. This brings up the question on how the U.S. coast guard should approach retaining immigrants from touching land. In 2006 there was an incident in which 14 Cubans, including women and children were found on a piece of the 7-mile bridge. This however was considered “Wet Foot” because there was no way they could reach land. This created a large outrage in the Cuban community, because technically they were not found at sea. (link 8)
The U.S. Coast guard patrols the area by boat, cutters and aircraft patrol.(link 7 ) This increase in patrol has created a large demand for smugglers, which places many families and immigrants in danger. Smuggling fees are very expensive and are usually paid by the family of the immigrant who live in the United States. The U.S. is trying to lessen the amount of smuggling that occurs. In order to do so, many propositions have been considered. One proposition is that the government goes against the family that pays these fees, however this rises many legal issues. For example, let’s say a person holds illegal dog fighting and uses the funds from their family to rent out a storage house where to hold them, should the family be held legally responsible? Also the smuggling process is a very dangerous one and often time results in death of some of the passengers. If the Coast Guard finds these immigrants at sea, they are interviewed and if they seem to have a well-founded fear of persecution they are granted asylum. If there is no apparent fear, they are sent back to Cuba. What happens when they get sent back? Well ideally, U.S. interest sections would monitor the immigrants who were repatriated and interview them. (link 7) However, because no migration talks with Cuba have been held since 2004, there have been no discussions of their responsibility to allow U.S. diplomats to travel, in order to monitor returned migrants. Under Cuban law, illegal immigration is a crime, in which as a result the Cuban government has the excuse to harass, torture, and discriminate against these people. If we are only sending them back to torture and harassment, why should we send them back? (link 8)
However, the main reason why many people oppose or agree with the U.S. coast guard patrol is the result of the large influence that Cuban Americans have in Miami’s economy and political scene. For the most part, Cubans blindly vote for the Republican Party. Two thirds of the Cuban population lives in Florida, giving them 8% of the states electorate. Because Florida holds 27 electoral votes it is to say that Cuban Americans have had a significant importance in national politics. (link 9)This influence however, creates large party divisions and could drive republicans to favor Cuban immigration and democrats to oppose it. In Obamas current administration, he has tried to better the Cuban-democratic relationship by lifting traveling and money transfer restrictions with Cuba. However, this has been quite controversial because this could possibly increase or decrease the amount of Cubans that want to come to the U.S. . Cubans also have had a large influence in the successful economy of Florida. This is portrayed through the various business and economic reports produced by Miami Dade County. Three out of ten of the largest businesses in Miami are Cuban owned or managed. There are 19,700 Cuban owned businesses, 4,500 medical doctors, and seventeen high level bank executives. (link 11) What could be more demonstrative of their economic success? However, many people argue that the success should not be taken into consideration for two factors. One, there has been an apparent triumph of bilingualism and biculturalism which could in fact show that Cubans have not accepted integration. And two, there has been a large decline of the cities native old elite ethnically European and Jewish people. (Link 16)
All these examples show why there are many problems with the policies on Cuban immigration and this is why I believe there should be reviews held on the U.S. Cuban Immigration Accord.
1. http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubanimmigration.html
2. http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/wetfoot-dryfoot.html
3. http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/illegal_immigration.html
4. http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-05/2009-05-23-voa14.cfm?CFID=318014791&CFTOKEN=56659914&jsessionid=6630b62b6c95044af81e624b7a65205d1b20
5. http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-05/2009-05-23-voa14.cfm?CFID=318014791&CFTOKEN=56659914&jsessionid=6630b62b6c95044af81e624b7a65205d1b20
6. http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/1/11/113342.shtml
7. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/27/AR2007072701493.html
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_feet,_dry_feet_policy
9. http://74.125.93.132/search?q=cache:jXkXLMg-k0cJ:metropolitan.fiu.edu/downloads/exile%2520political%2520power.doc+cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a
10. http://www.princeton.edu/~sociolog/syllabi/centeno_lecture_notes_cubans.html
11. http://books.google.com/books?id=2cdvNHYtcXcC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&source=bl&ots=De_NQA8AYQ&sig=A3eH1IpKQSbEmZ-owfWslKjkASU&hl=en&ei=BEPWSuLKMNPIlAeewOXAAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cubans%20in%20south%20florida%20and%20their%20success&f=false
12. http://escritorescubanos.multiply.com/journal/item/757/Cuba_Focus_Cuban_Migration_to_South_Florida.
13. http://www.education.miami.edu/ep/LittleHavana/Monuments/Virgin1/The_Virgin_Mary/Bay_of_Pigs/Exiles/exiles.html
14. http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=8801
15. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_migration_to_Miami
16. http://majorityrights.com/index.php/weblog/comments/the_cubans_of_miami/
17. http://www.vdare.com/rubenstein/060727_nd.htm
18. http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-South/Miami-History.html
19. http://tech.mit.edu/V127/N46/long3.html
20. http://www.allbusiness.com/central-america/283731-1.html
Friday, October 16, 2009
Current Cuban Immigration to the U.S.
As I said in my last post, I said that I would cover the topics of the economy, the media, and government and how Cuban immigrants in the South Florida area have a large effect in each one of theses fields. However, this year there has been a large drop in the number of Cuban immigrants, possibly the lowest number in decades. This is as a result of three things: the current economic situation, the stricter law enforcements place on smugglers of Cuban Immigrants, and President Obamas changes to the visiting right of families to Cuba.
In Miami, unemployment has reached up to 11.6 percent this is nearly double of the previous years unemployment. Because most immigrants arrive by smuggling arrangements, most families have been unable to pay these large smuggling fees. Also, because Raul Castro is now dictating the Island, many residents are waiting to see they way Castro will react to the economic crisis within the Island. Numbers successfully show these effects. Just in the past year, the US Coast Guard was intercepting 183 Cubans a months to 72 a month, also the amount of Cubans reaching the US by sea has gone down to 1,000 from a previous number of 4,000.
There has also been a greater enforcement on smugglers. The U.S. Coast Guard has begun to inspect suspicious boat prior to leaving South Florida Marinas. In addition to this those who are charged fro smuggling face higher penalties than previous charges on smugglers. Not only this, but smugglers who at times would throw passengers into the ocean to distract the U.S coast guard are now being intercepted by various coast guard boats rather than only one.
President Obama has also lifted restrictions on traveling and money transfers to the Island. Cuban Americans who desire to go back to visit their families now have the chance this perhaps easing the want to migrate to the US. However, I believe this will only cease Cuban immigration shortly. After the economy is restored Cubans will once again have the desire to migrate to Miami as a result of higher Job availability which for right now is not available to them.
http://diverseeducation.com/article/12994/fewer-cubans-make-crossing-to-us-economy-cited.html
Monday, October 12, 2009
An Introduction to the Cuban Influence: A Reevaluation of my Topic
There are many debates on whether Cubans should be given the right to U.S. asylum if found by the U.S. coast guard at sea. Many believe that because they have yet to reach U.S. soil, they should not be granted the commodity of living in the United States; this is enforced through the “Wet Foot/ Dry Foot Policy.” However many people fail to notice, that unlike other Hispanic immigrants, Cubans make a significant contribution to our economy, government and media. (I will explore their influence in these fields through out my blog.) I am in no terms saying that there are no exceptions within other immigrant groups (I am one of them), but if we look at the Cuban populations influence in Miami we can see that they have adapted particularly well to the U.S.
Miami houses the largest population of Cuban immigrants and Cuban Americans. This is as a result of Miami’s 90 miles distance from the Island of Cuba. The Cubans of South Florida, particularly Miami, have been able to adapt easily into the U.S. this may be due to the fact that Cuban’s are a “non homogeneous” culture. Some Cubans are Asian, some Black, some Caucasian, some Jewish, and some catholic. This has created a particularly diverse area within Miami allowing for the area to flourish as a result of this large non-homogeneity. I understand that diversity does exist within the United States, but Miami is a concentrated area within the U.S. where diversity is a large factor in its economic success. Miami, known as one of the “big cities” in the United States attributes much of its success to its Cuban culture. If the United States would tighten the U.S. coast guard border controls, it may have a negative effect on the Cuban influence and involvement in the Miami area.
http://books.google.com/books?id=2cdvNHYtcXcC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&source=bl&ots=De_NQA8AYQ&sig=A3eH1IpKQSbEmZ-owfWslKjkASU&hl=en&ei=BEPWSuLKMNPIlAeewOXAAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cubans%20in%20south%20florida%20and%20their%20success&f=false
Miami houses the largest population of Cuban immigrants and Cuban Americans. This is as a result of Miami’s 90 miles distance from the Island of Cuba. The Cubans of South Florida, particularly Miami, have been able to adapt easily into the U.S. this may be due to the fact that Cuban’s are a “non homogeneous” culture. Some Cubans are Asian, some Black, some Caucasian, some Jewish, and some catholic. This has created a particularly diverse area within Miami allowing for the area to flourish as a result of this large non-homogeneity. I understand that diversity does exist within the United States, but Miami is a concentrated area within the U.S. where diversity is a large factor in its economic success. Miami, known as one of the “big cities” in the United States attributes much of its success to its Cuban culture. If the United States would tighten the U.S. coast guard border controls, it may have a negative effect on the Cuban influence and involvement in the Miami area.
http://books.google.com/books?id=2cdvNHYtcXcC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=cubans+in+south+florida+and+their+success&source=bl&ots=De_NQA8AYQ&sig=A3eH1IpKQSbEmZ-owfWslKjkASU&hl=en&ei=BEPWSuLKMNPIlAeewOXAAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cubans%20in%20south%20florida%20and%20their%20success&f=false
Sunday, October 11, 2009
Smuggling: A Dangerous Journey to the U.S.
Many Cubans dream of the day where they will meet U.S. soil. Cuba has been living under the social dictatorship of Fidel Castro and is now under the dictatorship of his younger brother, Raul. This social dictatorship has created a climate of fear within Cubans who are against the Castro regime. The citizen’s of Cuba are prohibited to express opinions or speak against the regime, and if found doing so are subject to imprisonment and torture. This has created a large incentive for Cubans to travel to the U.S. where they are given freedom and a democratic nation. However the journey to the U.S. is in no way free or democratic.
In order to do so, many turn to smugglers who bring them in by sea or land and charge sky rocketing prices. The question is: Do these smugglers care? No. Smugglers are charging from five to fifteen thousand dollars per person to attempt to bring these immigrants into the U.S. Many of them charge the fee before even embarking on this journey, is this right? Not only can this be a scam but also it can create highly dangerous situations in which the smuggler does not care about the welfare of its passengers but rather its money. Not only do they not guarantee U.S. soil but also many times smugglers torture their passengers as a result of not paying their dues ahead of time. This was the case of Yurizan Gonzalez. Gonzalez and many others have faced up to two weeks of torture in order to send a “frightening message” to relatives of those immigrants. Why would it be necessary to pay for it ahead of time if they have not yet arrived? This form of immigration has brought about a decrease in the number of Cubans willing to partake in this dangerous journey. What can we do to stop this? The truth is unfortunately: Nothing.
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubaimmigration.html
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/world/story/75870.html
In order to do so, many turn to smugglers who bring them in by sea or land and charge sky rocketing prices. The question is: Do these smugglers care? No. Smugglers are charging from five to fifteen thousand dollars per person to attempt to bring these immigrants into the U.S. Many of them charge the fee before even embarking on this journey, is this right? Not only can this be a scam but also it can create highly dangerous situations in which the smuggler does not care about the welfare of its passengers but rather its money. Not only do they not guarantee U.S. soil but also many times smugglers torture their passengers as a result of not paying their dues ahead of time. This was the case of Yurizan Gonzalez. Gonzalez and many others have faced up to two weeks of torture in order to send a “frightening message” to relatives of those immigrants. Why would it be necessary to pay for it ahead of time if they have not yet arrived? This form of immigration has brought about a decrease in the number of Cubans willing to partake in this dangerous journey. What can we do to stop this? The truth is unfortunately: Nothing.
http://www.usimmigrationsupport.org/cubaimmigration.html
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/world/story/75870.html
Thursday, October 8, 2009
An Introduction to Cuban Migration into South Florida
In 1959, Fidel Castro became the Prime Minister of Cuba, later on declaring himself the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba. This led to a transformation in Cuba creating a socialist republic. Although many people believed Castro would bring change and prosperity to the island, when this change did not occur many people began to flee illegally as a result of Castro placing travel restrictions on the Cuban population. Until recently, Cuban immigrants have been welcomed into the United States as refugees fleeing Castro’s political persecution. This was as a result of the Cuban Adjustment Act passed by congress in 1966, which stated that all Cubans were welcome. However, in 1994 37,000 Cuban’s migrated to Miami, causing President Clinton to find a compromise within this policy. This resulted in the creation of “wet foot/ dry foot” which allowed Cuban immigrants to get American asylum, but if thy were found at sea by the U.S. coast guard, they were sent to Guantanamo bay for a hearing. However, after September 11th, the Bush Administration decided to secure borders more tightly as a result of these attacks. This has created a more difficult attempt for Cuban Immigrants trying to migrate to the U.S. as a result of the U.S. coast guard being stricter on ocean borders. This has led to a debate on whether Cubans should be allowed in freely because of their political situation, or if they should be treated as illegal immigrants when they are still not on U.S. soil.
http://www.cfr.org/publication/16437/
http://www.umich.edu/~ac213/student_projects05/miami/cuban.html
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